GIS-HBIM applications for the analysis and management of cultural landscapes: a case study of the historic centre of Tiradentes, Brazil

Abstract

The integration of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Historic Building Information Modelling (HBIM) has emerged in recent years as a promising methodology for the analysis and management of cultural heritage, particularly with regard to historic sites and cultural landscapes. This article explores the potential of combining these technologies to provide a more comprehensive and relational understanding of such assets, incorporating spatial, architectural, historical, perceptual, and symbolic data and indicators. Using as a case study the cultural landscape associated with the historic centre of Tiradentes, Brazil – characterised by its rich cultural heritage and the presence of the São José Mountain Range, and currently subject to processes that threaten its proper conservation – the study applies a methodology composed of four main stages: data collection; data modelling; definition and spatialisation of indicators related to local cultural identity; and cross-analysis of data within the GIS-HBIM environment, aiming to understand the interactions between territory, built heritage, in- tangible practices, and the subjective dimension of the landscape. The research findings highlight the presence of processes that undermine the integrity and authenticity of both the site and the landscape, largely as a result of tourism-related activities and the lack of integrated heritage management. Ultimately, the study concludes that the integration of GIS and HBIM not only enhances analytical and diagnostic capacities, but also supports the development of more effective and sensitive conservation strategies that encompass both the tangible and intangible dimensions of heritage sites and landscapes.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.20365/disegnarecon.35.2025.17