From archival research to the digitization of existing architectural heritage: methods and processes compared

Abstract

The study presented aims to experiment with the various possible applications of 3D modeling, both parametric and non-parametric, using historical and project archives as the primary source for acquiring documentation. The initial questions posed were: What are the peculiarities of the different types of approach? What are the outcomes in terms of content and reliability? Indeed, the different types of modeling lead to different considerations and conclusions, along with methodological approaches that require unequal specific attention.

The main objective is to explore the possibility of digitizing built heritage using 3D modeling, both parametric (according to the BIM process) and non-parametric, starting from the information, as mentioned, contained in the documents from historical archives, project documents, and all relevant archives. The research undertaken introduces some initial limitations, focusing particularly on the digitization of protected heritage and properties owned by public administrations.

The case studies addressed for the development of the theme are identified in two buildings by Ignazio Gardella and the historic Palazzo del Governatore in Parma. The selected outcomes were subjected, respectively, to non-parametric 3D modeling and parametric BIM modeling, highlighting the differences in modeling management processes, which are highly correlated with archival research. The aim is to understand how to effectively use both techniques, both to digitize architectural heritage and to optimize the conservation and management of its information.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.20365/disegnarecon.34.2025.4